Por Julio Majul (*). Especial para AIM. El 22 de febrero de 1814 se libró la batalla de El Espinillo, así llamada por haberse realizado en los campos del arroyo Espinillo, a 25 kilómetros de Paraná. Allí, los entrerrianos nos animamos a hacer lo que la lucha de José Artigas nos reclamaba: liberarnos del yugo unitario porteño. Contrariamente a lo que acabamos de decir, en Entre Ríos se desconoce este tramo fundamental, y glorioso de nuestra historia.
El director Supremo de las Provincias Unidas, quizá mejor de Buenos Aires, Gervasio Posadas, ordenó al coronel de origen prusiano, el barón Eduardo Kaunitz de Holmberg, que alistara 400 soldados “con artillería incluida” en Santa Fe, y pasara a Entre Ríos, para “apoderarse de todos modos y a cualquier costa de la persona de don José Artigas (…) Luego que esté en disposición de hostilizar lo hará infatigablemente, estorbando la reunión de las familias y de gentes armadas o inermes, desmembrándole las que tenga reunidas, ya por medios de dispersión, ya por premios que ofrecerá a los que lo abandonen y el de 6 mil pesos al que lo entregue vivo o muerto al citado Artigas”.
Así dice, textualmente, la orden de Posadas al alemán Holmberg, que encabezando un batallón de 400 personas “con artillería incluida” avanzó hacia Paraná.
Por la margen este de Entre Ríos avanzó velozmente una columna de gauchos, encabezados por el coronel artiguista, oriental, Fernando Otorgués, quien viniendo desde Paysandú ingresó a la actual Concepción del Uruguay y a Gualeguaychú, juntándose con los gauchos entrerrianos que mandaba Esteban Hereñú.
El improvisado batallón de orientales y entrerrianos enfrentó al disciplinado (se supone) que encabezaba Holmberg en las cercanías del arroyo Espinillo, el 22 de febrero de 1814, logrando una victoria total, con la rendición final de los mandados por el porteñaje.
Distintas visiones vitales
En este punto de nuestro relato, conviene recordar que entre las instrucciones de Posadas figuraba expresamente que “si (Holmberg) llegara a apoderarse de las personas de Otorgués (y otras dos) los hará fusilar”. Muy propio de los salvajes unitarios, por cierto.
Luego de la rendición de von Holmberg y los sobrevivientes del ejército porteño (o aporteñado), Otorgués dispuso que se respetaran sus vidas, y luego los liberó.
Un detalle que, más allá de lo anecdótico, muestra las muy distintas visiones de la realidad que tenían unitarios y federales.
Consecuencias de la victoria
Poco tiempo después del combate de El Espinillo, se declaró formalmente “la independencia de los pueblos de Entre Ríos” del gobierno del Virreynato, o en realidad de Buenos Aires. El día 23 de abril de 1814 puede tenerse, verazmente, como el del nacimiento de Entre Ríos.
La batalla de El Espinillo tiene, así, dos grandes razones para ser celebrada en nuestra provincia como fecha patria entrerriana: por una parte, fue la primera batalla en que un ejército federal derrotara a uno unitario; y por otra, a raíz de ella fue que los entrerrianos nos animamos a hacer lo que la lucha de Artigas nos reclamaba: liberarnos del yugo unitario porteño.
Se forzó además al gobierno unitario a iniciar negociaciones con José Artigas, a quien había declarado “traidor a la Patria”, y por quien, como ya se ha visto, ofrecía una gran recompensa a quien lo entregara “vivo o muerto”.
El caudillo oriental recibió a los delegados porteños y sólo reclamó declarar la independencia y adoptar el sistema federal de gobierno. Obvio es decir que sus reclamos fueron desoídos.
La realidad entrerriana de hoy
Contrariamente a lo que acabamos de decir, la verdad es que hoy, en Entre Ríos se desconoce este tramo fundamental, y glorioso, de nuestra historia.
En el lugar del combate, sólo se halla el monolito que pusiera, hace tiempo, un Centro de Estudios de inspiración artiguista, que todos los años realiza actividades para recordar la fecha, junto a vecinos de la zona que conocen la historia.
Los gobiernos, los intelectuales y los educadores, en general,entrerrianos, parecen ignorar la trascendencia de la fecha. Y lo más posible es que realmente la ignoren.
Nuestra provincia es horriblemente dependiente del gobierno central unitario, a partir de nuestra debilidad económica, que nos ha hecho endeudarnos a niveles increíbles con la Nación, haciendo imposible el federalismo para los entrerrianos.
Habría que tener dirigentes con otra pasta que los actuales, con otra visión de la vida, para enfrentar al poder financiero unitario y actuar como manda nuestro sentido federal.
Por ahora, se trata de una bella utopía.
[*] Julio Majul, abogado, periodista y escritor. Ex senador provincial por el departamento Gualeguaychú.
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